general giap dien bien phu

Giap at Dien Bien Phu, 1954: You Take Command. General Vo Nguyen Giap and the sealed order on the Dien Bien Phu general offensive campaign. He was said to have been in the same class as Phạm Văn Đồng, a future Prime Minister, who has also denied having studied at Albert Sarraut, and Bảo Đại, the last Emperor of Annam. By April the Vietminh had nearly five thousand members, and was able to attack Japanese posts with confidence. He remained on the Central Committee and Deputy Prime Minister until he retired in 1991. Võ Nguyên Giáp has been called one of the greatest military strategists of the 20th century. He attended the same high school as Ho Chi Minh, the communist leader, and while still a student in 1926 he joined the Tan Viet Cach Menh Dang, the Revolutionary Party of Young Vietnam. He told his fellow officers that he had been "completely dishonoured" and committed suicide with a hand grenade. Unable therefore to practice as a lawyer, he took a job as a history teacher at the Thăng Long School in Hanoi.[21]. Morris, Virginia and Hills, Clive (2006). Both the journey out and the historical sight are highlights of a visit to the area. Richard N. Armstrong. From the outer trench, other trenches and tunnels were gradually dug inward towards the center. [64] He finally retired from his post at the Defense Ministry in 1981 and retired from the Politburo in 1982. [15] He joined the Communist Party of Vietnam in 1931[11] and took part in several demonstrations against French rule in Indochina as well as assisting in founding the Democratic Front in 1933. In the little spare time he had, he said in interviews that he enjoyed occasionally playing the piano, as well as reading Goethe, Shakespeare and Tolstoy.[55]. Giáp has often been assumed to have been the planner of the Tết Offensive of 1968, but this appears not to have been the case. In December, 1953, General Navarre setup a defensive complex at Dien Bien Phu, which would block the … She was working as a professor of history and social science at this time. 14,000 troops were inserted in March, and almost immediately surrounded by superior numbers of Vietnamese soldiers. [29], In September 1944 the first Revolutionary Party Military Conference was held and it was agreed that the time was now right to take the military struggle forward into a new phase. [1] He first rose to prominence during World War II, where he served as the military leader of the Viet Minh resistance against the Japanese occupation of Vietnam and also as Defence Minister & Deputy Prime Minister for nearly 44 years. In June 1938 (or, according to some sources[specify], April 1939) they were married and in May 1939 they had a daughter, Hong Anh (Red Queen of Flowers). [23] During the Popular Front years in France, he founded Hồn Trẻ tập mới (Soul of Youth),[19] an underground socialist newspaper. Named the Tran Hung Dao Platoon after the great Vietnamese hero, it was armed with two revolvers, seventeen rifles, one light machine gun, and fourteen breech-loading flintlocks dating from the Russo-Japanese War. HO CHI MINH GENERAL GIAP. "[68], However, American historian Derek Frisby criticized Westmoreland's view, which he said reflected a failure in understanding Giáp's core philosophy of "revolutionary war". Giáp's father and mother, Võ Quang Nghiêm and Nguyễn Thị Kiên, worked the land, rented some to neighbours, and lived a relatively comfortable lifestyle. [45] However, after the Chinese communists reached the northern border of Vietnam in 1949 and the Vietnamese destruction of French posts there, the conflict turned into a conventional war between two armies equipped with modern weapons supplied by the United States and the Soviet Union. Complete with detailed accounts, maps, and photos, Giap's memoirs depicts concretely how a small and weak nation can overcome a stronger force. On 13 March 1954, Giap launched his offensive. [8] Nevertheless, he played a pivotal role in the second transformation of the PAVN into "one of the largest, most formidable" mechanised and combined-arms fighting force capable of delivering a knockout blow to an increasingly more powerful rival Army of the Republic of Vietnam in conventional warfare.[6]. "Legendary Vietnam Gen. Vo Nguyen Giap Dies", "Nơi an nghỉ của Đại tướng đẹp huyền ảo như trong cổ tích", "Vũng Chùa – Yến Island, nơi yên nghỉ của tướng Giáp", Bibliography: Writings of Vo Nguyen Giáp, and Books about Him, 1st Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam, 2nd Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam, 3rd Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam, 4th Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Võ_Nguyên_Giáp&oldid=992434113, North Vietnamese military personnel of the Vietnam War, Members of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Articles with German-language sources (de), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Vietnamese-language text, Articles needing more detailed references, Articles needing additional references from December 2018, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Yes, Madame, their Dien Bien Phu is still to come. [1] Recent scholarship indicates other leaders had played more prominent roles, with former subordinates and now rivals Văn Tiến Dũng and Hoàng Văn Thái assuming a more direct military responsibility than Giáp. We saw enemies everywhere and resorted to widespread violence and terror. He also served as a member of the Politburo of the Vietnam Workers' Party, which in 1976 became the Communist Party of Vietnam. Giáp's wife went to her family home in Vinh, where she was arrested, sentenced to fifteen years imprisonment, and incarcerated in the Hoa Lo Central Prison in Hanoi. The formation of the Vietnam Liberation army was proclaimed, with Giáp as its commander. Giáp had two sisters and one brother, and soon after his father's incarceration, one of his sisters was also arrested. There were grave errors. Giáp's father was both a minor official and a committed Vietnamese nationalist, having played a part in the Cần Vương movement in the 1880s. In the French Indochina War, Giap’s brilliance as a military strategist and tactician led to his winning the decisive Battle of Dien Bien Phu on May 7, 1954, which brought the French colonialist regime to an end. His sister-in-law was guillotined; his wife received a life sentence and died in prison after three years. In 1941 Giap formed an alliance with Chu Van Tan, guerrilla leader of the Tho, a minority tribal group of northeastern Vietnam. In 1938 he married Minh Thai, and together they worked for the Indochinese Communist Party. They were also aware of the difficulties of mounting an attack in that area. General Giap, 71 years old, visited Dien Bien Phu this week to oversee arrangements for the 30th anniversary of the battle, judged by some historians as among the most decisive of the 20th century. Colonel Piroth, the artillery commander, blamed himself for the destruction of French artillery superiority. While there, he joined the Tân Việt Revolutionary Party, an underground group founded in 1924, which introduced him to communism. As well as teaching in school, Giáp was busy producing and writing articles for Tiếng Dân (Voice of the People) founded by Huỳnh Thúc Kháng and many other revolutionary newspapers, while actively participating in various revolutionary movements. [10] Giáp's father and mother, Võ Quang Nghiêm and Nguyễn Thị Kiên,[11] worked the land, rented some to neighbours, and lived a relatively comfortable lifestyle. Straight out of the gate the idea of Dien Bien Phu was flawed. On December 6, 1953, President Ho Chi Minh chaired a Politburo meeting approving the strategic plan to attack French colonialists during the Winter-Spring of 1954 and decided to launch the Dien Bien Phu Campaign (Photo: VNA) President Ho Chi Minh, General … They agreed that the country would be occupied temporarily to get the Japanese out; the northern half would be under the control of the Nationalist Chinese and the southern half under the British. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... With the defeat of the French at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954, the United States became concerned about communist gains in Vietnam. General Vo Nguyen Giap: Dien Bien Phu, Madame…Dien Bien Phu…History doesn’t always repeat itself. [60] Although this attempt to spark a general uprising against the southern government failed disastrously, it was a significant political victory through convincing American politicians and the public that their commitment to South Vietnam could not be open-ended. We indiscriminately attacked all families owning land. Soon after the fall of Saigon, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam was established. This reputation was acquired at the battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954 when Vietnamese forces overwhelmed the French, and later when he conducted the war against the US. Photo courtesy of Hanoi’s Museum of Dien Bien Phu Victory. A growing number of people in France had reached the conclusion that their country did not have any moral justification for being in Vietnam. When Navarre realized that he was trapped, he appealed for help. [26], In 1942, Giáp and about forty men moved back into Vietnam and established themselves in remote caves near the village of Vu Nhai. The Vietnamese victory at Dien Bien Phu in May 1954, with the killing or capturing of over 16,000 enemy forces, sealed the defeat of French colonialism in Indochina. Around six thousand people were killed, and fourteen thousand wounded in the bombardment. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill declined, claiming that he wanted to wait for the outcome of the peace negotiations taking place in Geneva, before becoming involved in escalating the war. [24] In China, Giáp joined up with Hồ Chí Minh, then an adviser to the People's Liberation Army. A few weeks later, Giáp was wounded in the leg when his group attacked another outpost at Dong Mu.[31]. French public opinion continued to move against the war: While growing stronger in Vietnam, the Việt Minh also expanded the war and lured the French to spread their force to remote areas such as Laos. In May 1941 the Eighth Congress of the Indochinese Communist Party decided to form the Viet Minh; Giáp was made responsible for establishing an intelligence network and organising political bases in the far north of the country. Indiana University Press, 2001, The final evidence that there had not been any Vietnamese attack against U.S. ships on the night of 4 August 1964 was provided by the release of, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Death and state funeral of Võ Nguyên Giáp, "General Vo Nguyen Giap: Soldier who led Vietnamese forces against France and the US", "Vietnam's 'Red Napoleon' Vo Nguyen Giap dies aged 102", "The Return to War: North Vietnamese Decision-Making, 1973–1975", "Gen. Vo Nguyen Giap, Who Ousted U.S. From Vietnam, Is Dead", "Vietnam war leader General dies, aged 102", "WGBH Open Vault – Interview with Archimedes L. A. Patti, 1981", "Washington Talk: Bui Diem; A voice from Vietnam hoping to be heard", "Those named Martin, Their history is ours – The Great History, (1946–1954) The Indochina War", "Guerre d'Indochine: Libérez Henri Martin", "Vo Nguyen Giap, Vietnamese commander whose army defeated French, U.S. forces, dies", "WorldCat Identities Võ, Nguyên Giáp 1911-2013". In contrast, the Viet Minh issued clear, short orders aimed at wiping out the French garrison at Dien Bien Phu. McNamara asks Giap: What happened in Tonkin Gulf? [25], In September 1940, Vichy France agreed to the Japanese occupation of Vietnam, to 'protect' Indochina. Seeing an opportunity at Dien Bien Phu, Giap moved approximately 50,000 men into the hills around the French position, as well as the bulk of his heavy artillery and anti-aircraft guns. A descriptive look at the history of armed conflict and warfare throughout history. Its leaders decided that Giáp should leave Vietnam and go into exile in China. Both the U.S. and North Vietnam then agreed to sign the Paris Peace Accords that had been proposed in October. Giap: The victory at Diên Bin Phû was a victory for the people. Võ Nguyên Giáp was born on 25 August 1911 (or 1912 according to some sources[9]) in Quảng Bình Province, French Indochina. From. [71] He was given a state funeral on 12–13 October, and his body lay in state at the national morgue in Hanoi until his burial in his home province of Quảng Bình.[72][73]. The operation ended on 27 January 1973, after 12 days with heavy casualties and destruction. 17 kilometres east of Dien Bien Phu are the remains of General Giap's Viet Minh headquarters from which led the successful battle against the French. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. He surmised that in an attempt to reestablish the route, Giáp would be forced to organize a mass attack on Ðiện Biên Phủ, thus fighting a conventional battle, in which Navarre could expect to have the advantage. The first few years of the war involved mostly a low-level, semi-conventional resistance fight against the French occupying forces. Militarily there was no point in France fi… France was attempting to build up her economy after the devastation of the Second World War. The Indochinese experience of the French and the Americans: nationalism and communism in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. During the late 1950s the top priority of the re-established Vietnamese government was the rapid establishment of a socialist economic order and Communist Party rule. "Absolutely nothing", Giáp replied. President Ho Chi Minh and General Vo Nguyen Giap are the two leaders who led the Dien Bien Phu Campaign to a victory on May 7, 1954. [35], On 9 September, the Nationalist Chinese forces crossed the border and quickly took control of the north, while on 12 September, the British Indian Army arrived in Saigon. He reported this. Nguyen, Lien-Hang T. Hanoi's War: An International History of the War for Peace in Vietnam. Through the first half of 1945, Giáp's military position strengthened as the political position of the French and Japanese weakened. The cost of the war had so far been twice what they had received from the United States under the. This was apparent with the previously planned negotiations over the future of Indochina, which had just begun. In retaliation, Cambodia's ally China responded by invading the Cao Bang province of Vietnam in January 1979 and once again Giáp was in overall responsibility for the response, which drove the Chinese out after a few months. [12], Giáp was taught at home by his father before going to the village school. Giap … [39] Bùi Diễm, a former student of Giap and the former South Vietnamese Ambassador to the United States, states during this period Giap and the Viet Minh had purged thousands of anti-colonial nationalists.[40]. Battle of Dien Bien Phu. Gen. Giap’s strategic rethink-decisive factor to Dien Bien Phu victory Vietnam News Agency ... Tieu su Vo Nguyen Giap | General Vo Nguyen Giap - Duration: 12:26. South Vietnamese attempts to regain communist controlled territory inspired their opponents to change strategy. General Vo Nguyen Giap (2nd, R) and other commanding officers discuss Dien Bien Phu plans in 1954. Although she was not held for long, the privations of prison life made her ill and she too died a few weeks after being released. [50] For 54 days, the Viet Minh seized position after position, pushing the French until they occupied only a small area of Dien Bien Phu. [55] In terms of his personal life, he was also able to move back in with his wife, from whom he had been separated for eight years during the war. He stood out from the rest of the communist leadership. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Võ Nguyên Giáp (Vietnamese: [vɔ̌ˀ ŋʷīən zǎːp]; Chữ Hán: 武元甲; 25 August 1911 – 4 October 2013) was an army general in the Vietnam People's Army and a politician. Another suggestion was that conventional air raids would be enough to scatter Giáp's troops. Updates? Giáp was also a journalist, an interior minister in President Hồ Chí Minh's Việt Minh government, the military commander of the Viet Minh, the commander of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), and a defense minister. The Chinese provided 70 advisors, the “South China Sea Action Group.” They suggested using one massive “Human Wave” attack to take Dien Bien Phu quickly. [22] He also made a particular study of Napoleon's generalship, and greatly admired T. E. Lawrence's Seven Pillars of Wisdom, learning from it practical examples of how to apply minimum military force to maximum effect. Defying standard military practice, he had his twenty-four 105mm howitzers placed on the forward slopes of the hills around Dien Bien Phu, in deep, mostly hand-dug emplacements protecting them from French aircraft and counter-battery fire. His works include Big Victory, Great Task; People's Army, People's War; Ðiện Biên Phủ; and We Will Win. Giáp was recalled to Hanoi where he was replaced as field commander of the PAVN and from then on watched subsequent events from the sidelines, with the glory of victory in 1975 going to the chief of the general staff, General Văn Tiến Dũng. [2] [14] He returned to Hue and continued his political activities. U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, however, refused to intervene unless the British and other Western allies agreed. With Ho in France, Giáp was effectively in charge of the government in Hanoi. The proposal was that the remaining U.S. troops would withdraw from South Vietnam in exchange for a cease-fire and the return of American prisoners held by Hà Nội. When Vichy security patrols approached, they would conceal themselves in a cave under a waterfall, or, at times, in the lands of the Man Trang people. Clearly, the advantage had been given to Hanoi. Dien Bien Phu. In a rare interview with … Photo courtesy of Hanoi's Museum of Dien Bien Phu Victory. recruits from France itself) was forbidden by French governments to prevent the war from becoming even more unpopular at home. On 19 December, the Vietnamese government officially declared war on France and fighting erupted all over the country. [52][53] The victory at Dien Bien Phu marked the beginning of a new era in the military struggles against colonialism for national liberation and independence movements in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and other colonised countries. Dien Bien Phu was a serious defeat for the French and was the decisive battle of the Indochina war. On 9 March the Japanese removed the titular French regime and placed the emperor Bảo Đại at the head of a puppet state, the Empire of Vietnam. He expanded and modernised the army, re-equipping it with Russian and Chinese weapons systems. After France’s humiliating defeat and occupation by Germany in the summer of 1940, the French had no options but … [54] During the late 1950s Giáp served as Minister of Defence, Commander in Chief of the People's Army of Vietnam, Deputy Prime Minister, and deputy chairman of the Defence Council. Since 1887 Vietnam has been part of France’s Indochina empire (which includes … Years earlier the same school had educated another boy, Nguyen Sinh Cung, also the son of an official. [28] It was in the summer of 1943 that Giáp was told that his wife had been beaten to death by guards in the central prison in Hanoi. Although the North's Nguyễn Huệ Offensive during the spring of 1972 was beaten back with high casualties, the proposal did not require them to leave the South. General Vo Nguyen Giap (2nd, R) and other commanding officers discuss Dien Bien Phu plans in 1954. In December 1978 he oversaw the successful Cambodian–Vietnamese War which drove the Khmer Rouge from power and ended the Cambodian genocide. Between May and August 1945, the United States, keen to support anti-Japanese forces in mainland Asia, actively supplied and trained Giáp and the Viet Minh. Her sister was guillotined and Giáp's daughter died in prison of unknown causes. In 1930, as a supporter of student strikes, he was arrested by the French Sûreté and sentenced to three years in prison, but he was paroled after serving only a few months. Navarre’s choice of Dien Bien Phu as a place to force Giáp to battle was a terrible one. However, after due deliberations with his men, Gen Giap rejected this advice and decided on a siege campaign, to strike surely and advance cautiously. After the French surrender, Giáp moved back into Hanoi as the Vietnamese government re-established itself. When in 1939 the party was prohibited, Giap escaped to China, but his wife and sister-in-law were captured by the French police. General Giap, whose victory at Dien Bien Phu triggered France’s departure from Indo-China was a self-taught leader regarded as one of the great military geniuses of the post-World War II era. Le Général Vo Nguyen Giap est né en 1911 ou 1912 au Centre-Vietnam. [57], The departure of the French and the de facto partition of Vietnam meant that the Hanoi government only controlled the north part of the country. Communist leaders met in Hanoi in March for a series of meetings to plan for a massive offensive against the South. After the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, the French authorities outlawed the Indochinese Communist Party. When it became clear that France was becoming involved in a long drawn-out and so far not very successful war, the French government tried to negotiate an agreement with the Viet Minh. 299. Giáp was a mastermind military builder; during the First Indochina War, he had transformed a rag-tag band of rebels to a 'fine light-infantry army' fielding cryptography,[4] artillery and advanced logistics[5] and capable of challenging a larger, modernised French Far East Expeditionary Corps and the Vietnamese National Army. An American commander losing men like that would hardly have lasted more than a few weeks. Giáp had no direct military training and was a history teacher at a French-speaking academy, influenced by historical military leaders and personally citing T. E. Lawrence and Napoleon as his two greatest influences. Giáp adopted the alias Duong Huai-nan, learned to speak and write Chinese, and studied the strategy and tactics of the Chinese Communist Party. He also deployed Viet Minh forces against non-communist nationalist troops in the suburbs of Hanoi, and had their leaders arrested, imprisoned, or killed. From 1933 to 1938, Giáp studied at the Indochinese University in Hanoi[11][17] where he earned a bachelor's degree in law with a major in political economy. [56] This process did not go smoothly and it led to food shortages and revolts. Wanting to protect him, Ho Chi Minh arranged for him to meet a graduate from a well-known family, Ba Hanh. The battle of Dien Bien Phu opposed in 1954 the French army and the Vietnamese communist forces of Viêt-minh in the deep plain of Diên Biên Phu, located in the north-west of Vietnam, near the border with Laos. Now such a disregard for human life may make a formidable adversary, but it does not make a military genius. French Union forces included colonial troops from many parts of the French former empire (Moroccan, Algerian, Tunisian, Laotian, Cambodian, Vietnamese and Vietnamese ethnic minorities), French professional troops and units of the French Foreign Legion.

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